Destination Support Matrix¶
This page provides a comprehensive cross-reference of message brokers and the destinations KETE supports for each.
Quick Reference Matrix¶
| Broker | AMQP 0.9.1 | AMQP 1.0 | MQTT 3 | MQTT 5 | STOMP | Kafka | Redis | NATS | Pulsar | HTTP | WebSocket | ZeroMQ | GCP Pub/Sub |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RabbitMQ | ✅ | ✅ 4.0+ | ✅ Plugin | ✅ Plugin | ✅ Plugin | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ Plugin | ❌ | ❌ |
| LavinMQ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Redis | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Valkey | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Dragonfly | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| KeyDB | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Microsoft Garnet | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ Pub/Sub only | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Amazon ElastiCache | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Azure Cache for Redis | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Google Cloud Memorystore | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Upstash | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| ActiveMQ Artemis | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| ActiveMQ Classic | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Eclipse Mosquitto | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ 2.0+ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HiveMQ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HiveMQ Cloud | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EMQX | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ Gateway | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EMQX Cloud | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ Gateway | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| NanoMQ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| VerneMQ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Apache Qpid | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| IBM MQ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| NATS Server | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Synadia Cloud | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Apache Pulsar | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| StreamNative Cloud | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| DataStax Astra Streaming | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| DataStax Luna Streaming | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Azure Service Bus | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Azure Event Hubs | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Azure Event Grid | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Google Cloud Pub/Sub | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Apache Kafka | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Amazon MSK | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Redpanda | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Confluent Cloud | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Aiven for Kafka | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Strimzi | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| WarpStream | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Instaclustr | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Solace PubSub+ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Apache RocketMQ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| AWS IoT Core | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Azure IoT Hub | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Any ZeroMQ peer | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
Brokerless Destination
ZeroMQ is a brokerless messaging library — it connects directly to peers without a message broker. The "Any ZeroMQ peer" row represents any application using a ZeroMQ binding (Python, C, .NET, Java, Node.js, etc.).
WebSocket Column
The WebSocket column indicates that the broker supports WebSocket as a transport layer for its native protocol (e.g., MQTT-over-WebSocket, AMQP-over-WebSocket). This does not mean you use destination.kind=websocket — you use the broker's protocol destination (e.g., mqtt-5, amqp-0.9.1) with the broker's WebSocket endpoint. The KETE websocket destination is for connecting to raw/custom WebSocket servers.
Native SDK Destinations
The following destinations use vendor-specific SDKs and are not shown as columns in the protocol matrix above: azure-eventhubs, azure-servicebus, azure-eventgrid, azure-storage-queue, azure-webpubsub, aws-eventbridge, aws-sqs, aws-sns, aws-kinesis, gcp-cloud-tasks, grpc, signalr, soap, socketio. See the By Destination section for details.
Multi-Protocol Brokers¶
These brokers support multiple protocols, giving you flexibility in how you connect:
RabbitMQ¶
RabbitMQ is highly versatile, supporting many protocols via plugins:
| Protocol | KETE Destination | Port | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMQP 0.9.1 | amqp-0.9.1 |
5672 | Native protocol |
| AMQP 1.0 | amqp-1 |
5672 | Native in RabbitMQ 4.0+ |
| MQTT 3.1.1 | mqtt-3 |
1883 | Via rabbitmq_mqtt plugin |
| MQTT 5 | mqtt-5 |
1883 | Via rabbitmq_mqtt plugin (3.13+) |
| STOMP | stomp |
61613 | Via rabbitmq_stomp plugin |
Quickstarts available: amqp-0.9.1-rabbitmq, amqp-1-rabbitmq, mqtt-3-rabbitmq, mqtt-5-rabbitmq, stomp-rabbitmq
ActiveMQ Artemis¶
Apache ActiveMQ Artemis is a high-performance multi-protocol broker:
| Protocol | KETE Destination | Port | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMQP 1.0 | amqp-1 |
5672 | Native support |
| MQTT 3.1.1 | mqtt-3 |
1883 | Native support |
| MQTT 5 | mqtt-5 |
1883 | Native support |
| STOMP | stomp |
61613/61616 | Requires anycastPrefix config (see STOMP docs) |
Quickstarts available: amqp-1-activemq, mqtt-3-activemq-artemis, mqtt-5-activemq-artemis, stomp-artemis
EMQX¶
EMQX is a high-performance MQTT broker with multi-protocol gateway support:
| Protocol | KETE Destination | Port | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MQTT 3.1.1 | mqtt-3 |
1883 | Native support |
| MQTT 5 | mqtt-5 |
1883 | Full MQTT 5 compliance |
| STOMP | stomp |
61613 | Via STOMP gateway |
Quickstarts available: mqtt-3-emqx, mqtt-5-emqx, stomp-emqx
Solace PubSub+¶
Solace supports multiple open protocols:
| Protocol | KETE Destination | Port | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMQP 1.0 | amqp-1 |
5672 | Native support |
| MQTT 3.1.1 | mqtt-3 |
1883 | Native support |
| MQTT 5 | mqtt-5 |
1883 | Native support |
Quickstarts available: amqp-1-solace, mqtt-3-solace, mqtt-5-solace
By Destination¶
AMQP 0.9.1 Brokers¶
Use destination.kind=amqp-0.9.1:
- RabbitMQ - Primary target
- LavinMQ - Lightweight alternative
- CloudAMQP - Managed RabbitMQ
- Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ - AWS managed
Quickstarts available: amqp-0.9.1-rabbitmq, amqp-0.9.1-lavinmq, amqp-0.9.1-amazon-mq, amqp-0.9.1-cloudamqp
AMQP 1.0 Brokers¶
Use destination.kind=amqp-1:
- Apache ActiveMQ Artemis - Primary target
- RabbitMQ 4.0+ - Native AMQP 1.0 support
- Azure Service Bus - TLS required
- Azure Event Hubs - Event streaming
- Apache Qpid - Reference implementation
- Amazon MQ - Managed ActiveMQ
- Solace PubSub+ - Multi-protocol
Quickstarts available: amqp-1-activemq, amqp-1-azure-event-hubs, amqp-1-azure-event-hubs-emulator, amqp-1-azure-service-bus, amqp-1-azure-service-bus-emulator, amqp-1-qpid, amqp-1-rabbitmq, amqp-1-amazon-mq, amqp-1-solace
See: AMQP 1 Destination
MQTT 3.1.1 Brokers¶
Use destination.kind=mqtt-3:
- Eclipse Mosquitto - Most popular open-source
- HiveMQ - Enterprise, clustering
- EMQX - High-performance
- VerneMQ - Distributed
- NanoMQ - Lightweight
- RabbitMQ - Via plugin
- ActiveMQ Artemis - Multi-protocol broker
- Azure Event Grid - MQTT Broker feature
- Solace PubSub+ - Native
- Apache RocketMQ - Via rocketmq-mqtt gateway
- AWS IoT Core - Managed
- Azure IoT Hub - Managed
Quickstarts available: mqtt-3-mosquitto, mqtt-3-emqx, mqtt-3-hivemq, mqtt-3-vernemq, mqtt-3-nanomq, mqtt-3-rabbitmq, mqtt-3-activemq-artemis, mqtt-3-solace
See: MQTT 3 Destination
MQTT 5 Brokers¶
Use destination.kind=mqtt-5:
- HiveMQ - Full MQTT 5
- EMQX - Full MQTT 5
- Eclipse Mosquitto 2.0+ - MQTT 5 since v2.0
- VerneMQ - Full MQTT 5
- NanoMQ - Lightweight
- RabbitMQ - Via plugin (3.13+)
- ActiveMQ Artemis - Multi-protocol broker (v2.28+)
- Azure Event Grid - MQTT Broker
- Solace PubSub+ - Native
Quickstarts available: mqtt-5-mosquitto, mqtt-5-emqx, mqtt-5-hivemq, mqtt-5-vernemq, mqtt-5-nanomq, mqtt-5-rabbitmq, mqtt-5-azure-event-grid, mqtt-5-activemq-artemis, mqtt-5-solace
See: MQTT 5 Destination
STOMP Brokers¶
Use destination.kind=stomp:
- ActiveMQ Classic - Native, widely deployed
- ActiveMQ Artemis - Native
- RabbitMQ - Via plugin
- EMQX - Via gateway
- Amazon MQ - Managed ActiveMQ
- TIBCO EMS - Native
Quickstarts available: stomp-activemq, stomp-artemis, stomp-rabbitmq, stomp-emqx, stomp-amazon-mq
See: STOMP Destination
Kafka-Compatible Systems¶
Use destination.kind=kafka:
- Apache Kafka - Reference implementation
- Redpanda - Kafka-compatible
- Confluent Cloud - Managed Kafka
- Azure Event Hubs - Kafka protocol support
- Amazon MSK - Managed Kafka
- Aiven for Kafka - Managed
- Strimzi - Kubernetes Kafka operator
- WarpStream - Zero-disk Kafka
- Instaclustr - Multi-cloud managed Kafka
Quickstarts available: kafka-apache, kafka-redpanda, kafka-confluent, kafka-azure-event-hubs, kafka-azure-event-hubs-emulator, kafka-amazon-msk
See: Kafka Destination
Redis-Compatible Systems¶
Use destination.kind=redis-pubsub or destination.kind=redis-stream:
- Redis - Open-source, in-memory data store
- Redis Stack - Redis with additional modules
- Valkey - Redis fork, fully compatible
- Dragonfly - Redis-compatible, multi-threaded
- KeyDB - Redis-compatible, multi-threaded
- Microsoft Garnet - Redis-compatible, .NET-based (Pub/Sub only, no Streams)
- Amazon ElastiCache - AWS-managed Redis
- Azure Cache for Redis - Azure-managed Redis
- Google Cloud Memorystore - GCP-managed Redis
- Upstash - Serverless Redis
Quickstarts available (Pub/Sub): redis-pubsub-redis, redis-pubsub-valkey, redis-pubsub-dragonfly, redis-pubsub-keydb, redis-pubsub-garnet, redis-pubsub-azure-cache-for-redis, redis-pubsub-upstash, redis-pubsub-amazon-elasticache, redis-pubsub-google-memorystore
Quickstarts available (Streams): redis-stream-redis, redis-stream-valkey, redis-stream-dragonfly, redis-stream-keydb, redis-stream-azure-cache-for-redis, redis-stream-upstash, redis-stream-amazon-elasticache, redis-stream-google-memorystore
Microsoft Garnet
Garnet supports Redis Pub/Sub but does not support Redis Streams (XADD). See github.com/microsoft/garnet/issues/64.
See: Redis Pub/Sub Destination, Redis Stream Destination
NATS-Compatible Systems¶
Use destination.kind=nats or destination.kind=nats-jetstream:
- NATS Server - Open-source messaging system
- Synadia Cloud - Managed NATS service
- NATS Kubernetes - Self-hosted NATS on Kubernetes
Quickstarts available: nats-nats-server, nats-jetstream-nats-server, nats-synadia-cloud, nats-jetstream-synadia-cloud
See: NATS Destination, NATS JetStream Destination
Pulsar-Compatible Systems¶
Use destination.kind=pulsar:
- Apache Pulsar — Cloud-native, distributed messaging and streaming platform
- StreamNative Cloud — Managed Pulsar service
- DataStax Astra Streaming — Managed Pulsar service
- DataStax Luna Streaming — Self-managed Pulsar distribution
Quickstarts available: pulsar-apache, pulsar-datastax
See: Pulsar Destination
ZeroMQ Peers¶
Use destination.kind=zeromq:
ZeroMQ is brokerless — no broker to deploy or manage. KETE connects directly to ZeroMQ peers.
- Any ZeroMQ application — 40+ language bindings (Python, C, .NET, Java, Node.js, Go, Rust, etc.)
- PUB/SUB pattern — Fan-out to all subscribers
- PUSH/PULL pattern — Round-robin distribution to workers
Quickstarts available: zeromq-publish, zeromq-push
See: ZeroMQ Destination
GCP Pub/Sub¶
Use destination.kind=gcp-pubsub:
- Google Cloud Pub/Sub — Fully managed, global messaging service
- GCP Pub/Sub Emulator — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: gcp-pubsub, gcp-pubsub-emulator
Azure Storage Queue¶
Use destination.kind=azure-storage-queue:
- Azure Storage Queue — Simple, cost-effective cloud message queue
- Azurite Emulator — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: azure-storage-queue, azure-storage-queue-emulator
See: Azure Storage Queue Destination
AWS EventBridge¶
Use destination.kind=aws-eventbridge:
- Amazon EventBridge — Serverless event bus for AWS services and SaaS integrations
- LocalStack — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: aws-eventbridge-emulator, aws-eventbridge
See: AWS EventBridge Destination
AWS SQS¶
Use destination.kind=aws-sqs:
- Amazon SQS — Fully managed message queue service
- LocalStack — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: aws-sqs-emulator, aws-sqs
See: AWS SQS Destination
AWS SNS¶
Use destination.kind=aws-sns:
- Amazon SNS — Fully managed pub/sub messaging service
- LocalStack — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: aws-sns-emulator, aws-sns
See: AWS SNS Destination
AWS Kinesis¶
Use destination.kind=aws-kinesis:
- Amazon Kinesis Data Streams — Real-time data streaming service
- LocalStack — Local development and testing
Quickstarts available: aws-kinesis-emulator, aws-kinesis
Azure Event Grid¶
Use destination.kind=azure-eventgrid (native SDK) or protocol-based destinations:
- Azure Event Grid — Fully managed event routing service
The native azure-eventgrid destination uses the Azure Event Grid SDK and supports access key, Managed Identity, and Default Azure Credential authentication. Alternatively, use mqtt-5 for the Event Grid MQTT broker.
Quickstarts available (native): azure-eventgrid
Quickstarts available (via MQTT 5): mqtt-5-azure-event-grid
See: Azure Event Grid Destination, HTTP Destination, MQTT 5 Destination
Azure Event Hubs¶
Use destination.kind=azure-eventhubs (native SDK) or protocol-based destinations:
- Azure Event Hubs — Fully managed event streaming service
- Azure Event Hubs Emulator — Local development and testing
The native azure-eventhubs destination uses the Azure Event Hubs SDK and supports connection string, Managed Identity, and Default Azure Credential authentication. Alternatively, use kafka or amqp-1 for protocol-based access.
Quickstarts available (via Kafka): kafka-azure-event-hubs, kafka-azure-event-hubs-emulator
Quickstarts available (via AMQP 1.0): amqp-1-azure-event-hubs, amqp-1-azure-event-hubs-emulator
See: Azure Event Hubs Destination, Kafka Destination, AMQP 1 Destination
Azure Service Bus¶
Use destination.kind=azure-servicebus (native SDK) or protocol-based destinations:
- Azure Service Bus — Fully managed enterprise message broker
- Azure Service Bus Emulator — Local development and testing
The native azure-servicebus destination uses the Azure Service Bus SDK and supports connection string, Managed Identity, and Default Azure Credential authentication. Alternatively, use amqp-1 for protocol-based access.
Quickstarts available (via AMQP 1.0): amqp-1-azure-service-bus, amqp-1-azure-service-bus-emulator
See: Azure Service Bus Destination, AMQP 1 Destination
Azure Web PubSub¶
Use destination.kind=azure-webpubsub:
- Azure Web PubSub — Real-time messaging service for WebSocket clients
Quickstarts available: azure-webpubsub, azure-webpubsub-emulator
See: Azure Web PubSub Destination
GCP Cloud Tasks¶
Use destination.kind=gcp-cloud-tasks:
- Google Cloud Tasks — Managed task queue for asynchronous HTTP request dispatch
Quickstarts available: gcp-cloud-tasks, gcp-cloud-tasks-emulator
See: GCP Cloud Tasks Destination
gRPC Servers¶
Use destination.kind=grpc:
- Any gRPC server — Sends serialized events as the request body via unary RPC
Quickstarts available: grpc
See: gRPC Destination
HTTP Endpoints¶
Use destination.kind=http:
- Webhooks — POST events to any HTTP/HTTPS endpoint
- REST APIs — Forward events to REST services
Quickstarts available: http-webhook
See: HTTP Destination
WebSocket Servers¶
Use destination.kind=websocket:
- Custom WebSocket servers — Real-time servers, dashboards, backends
Quickstarts available: websocket-echo
SignalR Hubs¶
Use destination.kind=signalr:
- ASP.NET Core SignalR — Self-hosted SignalR hubs
- Azure SignalR Service — Managed real-time messaging
Quickstarts available: signalr
See: SignalR Destination
SOAP Endpoints¶
Use destination.kind=soap:
- Any SOAP endpoint — Sends serialized events wrapped in a SOAP envelope (1.1 or 1.2)
Quickstarts available: soap-webhook
See: SOAP Destination
Socket.IO Servers¶
Use destination.kind=socketio:
- Socket.IO v3/v4 servers — Node.js, Python, Java implementations
- Any Engine.IO-compatible server — as supported by the bundled socket.io-client-java (Engine.IO v4 / Socket.IO v3+ servers)
Quickstarts available: socketio
Choosing the Right Protocol¶
Decision Guide¶
Is your broker RabbitMQ or LavinMQ?
├── Yes → Use amqp-0.9.1 (native protocol, best performance)
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker Kafka, Redpanda, or Event Hubs (Kafka mode)?
├── Yes → Use kafka
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker Redis, ElastiCache, Azure Cache for Redis, Dragonfly, KeyDB, or Upstash?
├── Yes → Do you need message persistence?
│ ├── Yes → Use redis-stream (persistent, consumer groups, headers)
│ └── No → Use redis-pubsub (fire-and-forget, lower latency)
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker NATS Server or Synadia Cloud?
├── Yes → Do you need message persistence?
│ ├── Yes → Use nats-jetstream (persistent, acknowledgments)
│ └── No → Use nats (fire-and-forget, lowest latency)
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker Apache Pulsar, StreamNative, or DataStax?
├── Yes → Use pulsar
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker ActiveMQ Artemis, Azure Service Bus, or Qpid?
├── Yes → Use amqp-1
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker an MQTT broker (Mosquitto, HiveMQ, EMQX, VerneMQ)?
├── Yes → Does it support MQTT 5?
│ ├── Yes → Use mqtt-5 (for user properties/headers)
│ └── No → Use mqtt-3
└── No → Continue...
Is your broker ActiveMQ Classic or needs STOMP?
├── Yes → Use stomp
└── No → Continue...
Is it a REST API, webhook, or HTTP endpoint?
├── Yes → Use http
└── No → Continue...
Do you need brokerless peer-to-peer messaging?
├── Yes → Use zeromq (no broker, direct peer connection)
└── No → Continue...
Is it Google Cloud Pub/Sub?
├── Yes → Use gcp-pubsub
└── No → Continue...
Is it Azure Storage Queue?
├── Yes → Use azure-storage-queue
└── No → Continue...
Is it Azure Event Hubs?
├── Yes → Do you need Managed Identity or Default Azure Credential?
│ ├── Yes → Use azure-eventhubs (native SDK)
│ └── No → Use kafka (Kafka protocol) or amqp-1 (AMQP 1.0) or azure-eventhubs
└── No → Continue...
Is it Azure Service Bus?
├── Yes → Do you need Managed Identity or Default Azure Credential?
│ ├── Yes → Use azure-servicebus (native SDK)
│ └── No → Use amqp-1 (AMQP 1.0) or azure-servicebus
└── No → Continue...
Is it Azure Event Grid?
├── Yes → Do you need Managed Identity or native Event Grid events?
│ ├── Yes → Use azure-eventgrid (native SDK)
│ └── No → Use http (HTTP push) or mqtt-5 (MQTT broker feature)
└── No → Continue...
Is it Amazon EventBridge?
├── Yes → Use aws-eventbridge
└── No → Continue...
Is it Amazon SQS?
├── Yes → Use aws-sqs
└── No → Continue...
Is it Amazon SNS?
├── Yes → Use aws-sns
└── No → Continue...
Is it Amazon Kinesis Data Streams?
├── Yes → Use aws-kinesis
└── No → Continue...
Is it Azure Web PubSub?
├── Yes → Use azure-webpubsub
└── No → Continue...
Is it Google Cloud Tasks?
├── Yes → Use gcp-cloud-tasks
└── No → Continue...
Is it a gRPC server?
├── Yes → Use grpc (unary RPC, identity marshaller)
└── No → Continue...
Is it a SOAP endpoint?
├── Yes → Use soap (SOAP 1.1/1.2 envelope)
└── No → Continue...
Is it an ASP.NET SignalR hub or Azure SignalR Service?
├── Yes → Use signalr (native SignalR protocol)
└── No → Continue...
Is it a Socket.IO server?
├── Yes → Use socketio (Engine.IO protocol)
└── No → Use websocket for generic WebSocket servers
Performance Considerations¶
| Protocol | Throughput | Latency | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
kafka |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | High-volume event streaming |
pulsar |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Multi-tenancy, geo-replication |
nats-jetstream |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Persistent messaging with acknowledgments |
nats |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Fire-and-forget, ultra-low latency |
redis-stream |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Persistent messaging, consumer groups |
redis-pubsub |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Fire-and-forget, lowest latency |
amqp-0.9.1 |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | RabbitMQ workloads |
amqp-1 |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Enterprise messaging |
mqtt-5 |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | IoT, lightweight clients |
mqtt-3 |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | IoT, legacy support |
stomp |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Text-based, debugging |
http |
⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | Webhooks, integrations |
zeromq |
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Brokerless, peer-to-peer, ultra-low latency |
gcp-pubsub |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Google Cloud managed messaging |
azure-storage-queue |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Simple Azure cloud queue messaging |
aws-eventbridge |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | AWS serverless event routing |
aws-sqs |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | AWS managed message queuing |
aws-sns |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | AWS managed pub/sub messaging |
aws-kinesis |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | AWS real-time data streaming |
azure-webpubsub |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Real-time WebSocket messaging via Azure |
azure-eventhubs |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Azure Event Hubs native SDK (AMQP), Managed Identity |
azure-servicebus |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Azure Service Bus native SDK (AMQP), Managed Identity |
azure-eventgrid |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Azure Event Grid native SDK, Managed Identity |
gcp-cloud-tasks |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | Asynchronous HTTP task dispatch |
grpc |
⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | gRPC unary RPC, HTTP/2, service mesh |
soap |
⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | SOAP endpoints, legacy enterprise services |
signalr |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ASP.NET SignalR hubs, Azure SignalR Service |
socketio |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Socket.IO real-time servers |
websocket |
⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Real-time dashboards |
Available Quickstarts¶
All quickstarts are in the quick-starts/ directory:
| Protocol | Broker | Quickstart Folder |
|---|---|---|
| AMQP 0.9.1 | RabbitMQ | amqp-0.9.1-rabbitmq/ |
| AMQP 0.9.1 | LavinMQ | amqp-0.9.1-lavinmq/ |
| AMQP 0.9.1 | Amazon MQ (RabbitMQ) | amqp-0.9.1-amazon-mq/ |
| AMQP 0.9.1 | CloudAMQP | amqp-0.9.1-cloudamqp/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | ActiveMQ | amqp-1-activemq/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Azure Event Hubs | amqp-1-azure-event-hubs/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Azure Event Hubs Emulator | amqp-1-azure-event-hubs-emulator/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Azure Service Bus | amqp-1-azure-service-bus/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Azure Service Bus Emulator | amqp-1-azure-service-bus-emulator/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Apache Qpid | amqp-1-qpid/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | RabbitMQ | amqp-1-rabbitmq/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Amazon MQ (ActiveMQ) | amqp-1-amazon-mq/ |
| AMQP 1.0 | Solace PubSub+ | amqp-1-solace/ |
| MQTT 3 | Mosquitto | mqtt-3-mosquitto/ |
| MQTT 3 | EMQX | mqtt-3-emqx/ |
| MQTT 3 | RabbitMQ | mqtt-3-rabbitmq/ |
| MQTT 3 | HiveMQ | mqtt-3-hivemq/ |
| MQTT 3 | VerneMQ | mqtt-3-vernemq/ |
| MQTT 3 | NanoMQ | mqtt-3-nanomq/ |
| MQTT 3 | ActiveMQ Artemis | mqtt-3-activemq-artemis/ |
| MQTT 3 | Solace | mqtt-3-solace/ |
| MQTT 5 | Mosquitto | mqtt-5-mosquitto/ |
| MQTT 5 | EMQX | mqtt-5-emqx/ |
| MQTT 5 | HiveMQ | mqtt-5-hivemq/ |
| MQTT 5 | Azure Event Grid | mqtt-5-azure-event-grid/ |
| MQTT 5 | RabbitMQ | mqtt-5-rabbitmq/ |
| MQTT 5 | VerneMQ | mqtt-5-vernemq/ |
| MQTT 5 | NanoMQ | mqtt-5-nanomq/ |
| MQTT 5 | ActiveMQ Artemis | mqtt-5-activemq-artemis/ |
| MQTT 5 | Solace | mqtt-5-solace/ |
| STOMP | ActiveMQ | stomp-activemq/ |
| STOMP | Artemis | stomp-artemis/ |
| STOMP | RabbitMQ | stomp-rabbitmq/ |
| STOMP | EMQX | stomp-emqx/ |
| STOMP | Amazon MQ (ActiveMQ) | stomp-amazon-mq/ |
| Kafka | Apache Kafka | kafka-apache/ |
| Kafka | Azure Event Hubs | kafka-azure-event-hubs/ |
| Kafka | Azure Event Hubs Emulator | kafka-azure-event-hubs-emulator/ |
| Kafka | Redpanda | kafka-redpanda/ |
| Kafka | Confluent | kafka-confluent/ |
| Kafka | Amazon MSK | kafka-amazon-msk/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Redis | redis-pubsub-redis/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Valkey | redis-pubsub-valkey/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Dragonfly | redis-pubsub-dragonfly/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | KeyDB | redis-pubsub-keydb/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Microsoft Garnet | redis-pubsub-garnet/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Azure Cache for Redis | redis-pubsub-azure-cache-for-redis/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Upstash | redis-pubsub-upstash/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Amazon ElastiCache | redis-pubsub-amazon-elasticache/ |
| Redis Pub/Sub | Google Memorystore | redis-pubsub-google-memorystore/ |
| Redis Stream | Redis | redis-stream-redis/ |
| Redis Stream | Valkey | redis-stream-valkey/ |
| Redis Stream | Dragonfly | redis-stream-dragonfly/ |
| Redis Stream | KeyDB | redis-stream-keydb/ |
| Redis Stream | Azure Cache for Redis | redis-stream-azure-cache-for-redis/ |
| Redis Stream | Upstash | redis-stream-upstash/ |
| Redis Stream | Amazon ElastiCache | redis-stream-amazon-elasticache/ |
| Redis Stream | Google Memorystore | redis-stream-google-memorystore/ |
| NATS | NATS Server | nats-nats-server/ |
| NATS JetStream | NATS Server | nats-jetstream-nats-server/ |
| NATS | Synadia Cloud | nats-synadia-cloud/ |
| NATS JetStream | Synadia Cloud | nats-jetstream-synadia-cloud/ |
| Pulsar | Apache Pulsar | pulsar-apache/ |
| Pulsar | DataStax Astra Streaming | pulsar-datastax/ |
| Azure Event Grid | Azure Event Grid | azure-eventgrid/ |
| HTTP | Webhook | http-webhook/ |
| WebSocket | Echo Server | websocket-echo/ |
| ZeroMQ | PUB/SUB | zeromq-publish/ |
| ZeroMQ | PUSH/PULL | zeromq-push/ |
| GCP Pub/Sub | GCP Pub/Sub Emulator | gcp-pubsub-emulator/ |
| GCP Pub/Sub | Google Cloud Pub/Sub | gcp-pubsub/ |
| Azure Storage Queue | Azure (Cloud) | azure-storage-queue/ |
| Azure Storage Queue | Azurite Emulator | azure-storage-queue-emulator/ |
| AWS EventBridge | LocalStack Emulator | aws-eventbridge-emulator/ |
| AWS EventBridge | Amazon EventBridge | aws-eventbridge/ |
| AWS SQS | LocalStack Emulator | aws-sqs-emulator/ |
| AWS SQS | Amazon SQS | aws-sqs/ |
| AWS SNS | LocalStack Emulator | aws-sns-emulator/ |
| AWS SNS | Amazon SNS | aws-sns/ |
| AWS Kinesis | LocalStack Emulator | aws-kinesis-emulator/ |
| AWS Kinesis | Amazon Kinesis | aws-kinesis/ |
| Azure Web PubSub | Azure (Cloud) | azure-webpubsub/ |
| Azure Web PubSub | Mock Server (Local) | azure-webpubsub-emulator/ |
| GCP Cloud Tasks | Google Cloud Tasks | gcp-cloud-tasks/ |
| GCP Cloud Tasks | Local Emulator | gcp-cloud-tasks-emulator/ |
| gRPC | Echo Server | grpc/ |
| SOAP | Webhook | soap-webhook/ |
| SignalR | ASP.NET Core Echo | signalr/ |
| Socket.IO | Node.js Echo | socketio/ |